✖

Home

Stock Categories

Technical Articles

Rexroth check valve

Rexroth Solenoid directional valve

Rexroth Piston Pump

Home>Products>Rexroth Piston Pump>Rexroth A10VSO45DFR1/31R-PPB12N00 Piston Pump

Rexroth A10VSO45DFR1/31R-PPB12N00 MODELS

Need a CAD or 3D Model?

Contact Now WhatsApp Be Our Agent

Rexroth A10VSO45DFR1/31R-PPB12N00 Piston Pump

Name: Rexroth A10VSO45DFR1/31R-PPB12N00 Piston Pump
Brand: Rexroth
SKU: A10VSO45DFR1/31R-PPB12N00
Rating: 4.9 (5 reviews)

Rexroth A10VSO45DFR1/31R-PPB12N00 SPECIFICATIONS

Rexroth A10VSO45DFR1/31R-PPB12N00 Piston Pump Warehouse offers car parts and car accessories. We sell discount Rexroth Piston Pump 5 Width (mm) online as well 4x13x5 as cheap machinery 13 Outer Diameter (mm) parts.
Brand Name:Rexroth
Model Number:
A10VSO45DFR1/31R-PPB12N00
Integral Valve Configuration:45.0 LB
GPM @ 1,800 rpm, Shaft End:Flange Mount
Major Diameter [Max:Left Hand (CCW)
Weight:2520V17A14-1CC22L
Max. RPM [Max:2 1/2
Port Type:Flange
Cover End RPM [Max:1/4 in
Shaft Type:Standard Pilot

BVC Pump Valve Co., Ltd.

BVC Pump Valve Co., Ltd.China

BVC Pump Valve Co., Ltd.2020-07-10 09:46:19
Welcome to my shop! Glad to serve you! Please send your question!

Interested In: Price Inspection Certificate Product Specifications Company Profile

Rexroth A10VSO45DFR1/31R-PPB12N00 Piston Pump Systems

Cover End Pressure [Max:0.875 in
Shaft Key:Straight w/ Key
Pilot Type:2520V
Shaft Dia.:2.32 in
Shaft End RPM [Max:Buna-N
Pressure Port Size, Shaft End:1800
Mounting:N/A
Port Orientation - Cover End:SAE B, 2 Bolt
Displacement Shaft End (cu in/revolution):Single Shaft Seal
Controlled Flow Rate:N/A
Rotation:1800
Spline Description:1800
Port Orientation - Shaft End:N/A
Relief Valve Setting:14 gal/min @ 1200 rpm, 21 gal/min @ 1800 rpm
Cover End Flow @ RPM:N/A
Minor Diameter:N/A
Pressure Port Size, Cover End:N/A
Shaft End Pressure [Max:N/A
Shaft End Flow @ RPM:N/A
Displacement Cover End (cu in/revolution):17 gal/min @ 1200 rpm, 25.5 gal/min @ 1800 rpm
Pump Series:2520V17A14-1CC22L
Port Size:3000
Seal Material:2500
Shaft Seal Type:21
Minor Diameter [Max:25.5
GPM @ 1,800 rpm, Cover End:N/A
Major Diameter [Min:Outlet 45° CW from Inlet
Mounting Flange:Outlet Inline w/Inlet
Manufacturer Part No.:3/4 in Code 61
Shaft Length:1 in Code 61
Minor Diameter [Min:2.8
Model No.:3.4

Rexroth A10VSO45DFR1/31R-PPB12N00 Rexroth A10VSO45DFR1/31R-PPB12N00 Piston Pump Technology

Rexroth A10VSO071DFR1/32R-VPB12N00 Piston Pump	Displacement Shaft End (cu in/revolution):45.0 LB; Displacement Cover End (cu in/revolution):Flange Mount; Port Size:Left Hand (CCW); Port Type:2520V17A14-1CC22L; Pressure Port Size, Cover End:2 1/2; Model No.:Flange; Shaft Type:1/4 in; Integral Valve Configuration:Standard Pilot; Rotation:0.875 in; Cover End RPM [Max:Straight w/ Key; Pump Series:2520V; Shaft Length:2.32 in; Seal Material:Buna-N; Max. RPM [Max:1800; Minor Diameter:N/A; Mounting Flange:SAE B, 2 Bolt; Shaft Seal Type:Single Shaft Seal; Spline Description:N/A; Cover End RPM [Max:1800; Shaft End RPM [Max:1800; Controlled Flow Rate:N/A; Cover End Flow @ RPM:14 gal/min @ 1200 rpm, 21 gal/min @ 1800 rpm; Major Diameter [Max:N/A; Major Diameter [Min:N/A; Minor Diameter [Max:N/A; Minor Diameter [Min:N/A; Relief Valve Setting:N/A; Shaft End Flow @ RPM:17 gal/min @ 1200 rpm, 25.5 gal/min @ 1800 rpm; Manufacturer Part No.:2520V17A14-1CC22L; Cover End Pressure [Max:3000; Shaft End Pressure [Max:2500; GPM @ 1,800 rpm, Cover End:21; GPM @ 1,800 rpm, Shaft End:25.5; Integral Valve Configuration:N/A; Port Orientation - Cover End:Outlet 45° CW from Inlet; Port Orientation - Shaft End:Outlet Inline w/Inlet; Pressure Port Size, Cover End:3/4 in Code 61; Pressure Port Size, Shaft End:1 in Code 61; Displacement Cover End (cu in/revolution):2.8; Displacement Shaft End (cu in/revolution):3.4;
A10VSO140DR/31R-PPB12N00 Piston Pump	Displacement Cover End (cu in/revolution):45.0 LB; Pressure Port Size, Shaft End:Flange Mount; GPM @ 1,800 rpm, Shaft End:Left Hand (CCW); Model No.:2520V17A14-1CC22L; Weight:2 1/2; Port Type:Flange; Manufacturer Part No.:1/4 in; Shaft End Pressure [Max:Standard Pilot; Displacement Shaft End (cu in/revolution):0.875 in; Cover End Pressure [Max:Straight w/ Key; Pump Series:2520V; Shaft Length:2.32 in; Seal Material:Buna-N; Max. RPM [Max:1800; Minor Diameter:N/A; Mounting Flange:SAE B, 2 Bolt; Shaft Seal Type:Single Shaft Seal; Spline Description:N/A; Cover End RPM [Max:1800; Shaft End RPM [Max:1800; Controlled Flow Rate:N/A; Cover End Flow @ RPM:14 gal/min @ 1200 rpm, 21 gal/min @ 1800 rpm; Major Diameter [Max:N/A; Major Diameter [Min:N/A; Minor Diameter [Max:N/A; Minor Diameter [Min:N/A; Relief Valve Setting:N/A; Shaft End Flow @ RPM:17 gal/min @ 1200 rpm, 25.5 gal/min @ 1800 rpm; Manufacturer Part No.:2520V17A14-1CC22L; Cover End Pressure [Max:3000; Shaft End Pressure [Max:2500; GPM @ 1,800 rpm, Cover End:21; GPM @ 1,800 rpm, Shaft End:25.5; Integral Valve Configuration:N/A; Port Orientation - Cover End:Outlet 45° CW from Inlet; Port Orientation - Shaft End:Outlet Inline w/Inlet; Pressure Port Size, Cover End:3/4 in Code 61; Pressure Port Size, Shaft End:1 in Code 61; Displacement Cover End (cu in/revolution):2.8; Displacement Shaft End (cu in/revolution):3.4;
Rexroth A10VSO140DFR1/31R-PPB12N00 Piston Pump	Pilot Type:45.0 LB; Port Type:Flange Mount; GPM @ 1,800 rpm, Shaft End:Left Hand (CCW); Manufacturer Part No.:2520V17A14-1CC22L; GPM @ 1,800 rpm, Cover End:2 1/2; Shaft Type:Flange; Weight:1/4 in; Shaft Seal Type:Standard Pilot; Pressure Port Size, Cover End:0.875 in; Cover End Flow @ RPM:Straight w/ Key; Pump Series:2520V; Shaft Length:2.32 in; Seal Material:Buna-N; Max. RPM [Max:1800; Minor Diameter:N/A; Mounting Flange:SAE B, 2 Bolt; Shaft Seal Type:Single Shaft Seal; Spline Description:N/A; Cover End RPM [Max:1800; Shaft End RPM [Max:1800; Controlled Flow Rate:N/A; Cover End Flow @ RPM:14 gal/min @ 1200 rpm, 21 gal/min @ 1800 rpm; Major Diameter [Max:N/A; Major Diameter [Min:N/A; Minor Diameter [Max:N/A; Minor Diameter [Min:N/A; Relief Valve Setting:N/A; Shaft End Flow @ RPM:17 gal/min @ 1200 rpm, 25.5 gal/min @ 1800 rpm; Manufacturer Part No.:2520V17A14-1CC22L; Cover End Pressure [Max:3000; Shaft End Pressure [Max:2500; GPM @ 1,800 rpm, Cover End:21; GPM @ 1,800 rpm, Shaft End:25.5; Integral Valve Configuration:N/A; Port Orientation - Cover End:Outlet 45° CW from Inlet; Port Orientation - Shaft End:Outlet Inline w/Inlet; Pressure Port Size, Cover End:3/4 in Code 61; Pressure Port Size, Shaft End:1 in Code 61; Displacement Cover End (cu in/revolution):2.8; Displacement Shaft End (cu in/revolution):3.4;
Rexroth A10VSO140DFR1/32R-VPB12N00 Piston Pump	Minor Diameter:45.0 LB; Cover End Flow @ RPM:Flange Mount; Shaft Dia.:Left Hand (CCW); Mounting:2520V17A14-1CC22L; Integral Valve Configuration:2 1/2; Pressure Port Size, Cover End:Flange; Shaft Type:1/4 in; Pilot Type:Standard Pilot; Port Orientation - Shaft End:0.875 in; Minor Diameter [Max:Straight w/ Key; Pump Series:2520V; Shaft Length:2.32 in; Seal Material:Buna-N; Max. RPM [Max:1800; Minor Diameter:N/A; Mounting Flange:SAE B, 2 Bolt; Shaft Seal Type:Single Shaft Seal; Spline Description:N/A; Cover End RPM [Max:1800; Shaft End RPM [Max:1800; Controlled Flow Rate:N/A; Cover End Flow @ RPM:14 gal/min @ 1200 rpm, 21 gal/min @ 1800 rpm; Major Diameter [Max:N/A; Major Diameter [Min:N/A; Minor Diameter [Max:N/A; Minor Diameter [Min:N/A; Relief Valve Setting:N/A; Shaft End Flow @ RPM:17 gal/min @ 1200 rpm, 25.5 gal/min @ 1800 rpm; Manufacturer Part No.:2520V17A14-1CC22L; Cover End Pressure [Max:3000; Shaft End Pressure [Max:2500; GPM @ 1,800 rpm, Cover End:21; GPM @ 1,800 rpm, Shaft End:25.5; Integral Valve Configuration:N/A; Port Orientation - Cover End:Outlet 45° CW from Inlet; Port Orientation - Shaft End:Outlet Inline w/Inlet; Pressure Port Size, Cover End:3/4 in Code 61; Pressure Port Size, Shaft End:1 in Code 61; Displacement Cover End (cu in/revolution):2.8; Displacement Shaft End (cu in/revolution):3.4;
Rexroth A4VSO250DR/30R-PPA13N00 Piston Pump	Shaft Key:45.0 LB; Cover End Pressure [Max:Flange Mount; Shaft Seal Type:Left Hand (CCW); Minor Diameter:2520V17A14-1CC22L; Max. RPM [Max:2 1/2; Displacement Cover End (cu in/revolution):Flange; Model No.:1/4 in; Manufacturer Part No.:Standard Pilot; Port Type:0.875 in; Pressure Port Size, Shaft End:Straight w/ Key; Pump Series:2520V; Shaft Length:2.32 in; Seal Material:Buna-N; Max. RPM [Max:1800; Minor Diameter:N/A; Mounting Flange:SAE B, 2 Bolt; Shaft Seal Type:Single Shaft Seal; Spline Description:N/A; Cover End RPM [Max:1800; Shaft End RPM [Max:1800; Controlled Flow Rate:N/A; Cover End Flow @ RPM:14 gal/min @ 1200 rpm, 21 gal/min @ 1800 rpm; Major Diameter [Max:N/A; Major Diameter [Min:N/A; Minor Diameter [Max:N/A; Minor Diameter [Min:N/A; Relief Valve Setting:N/A; Shaft End Flow @ RPM:17 gal/min @ 1200 rpm, 25.5 gal/min @ 1800 rpm; Manufacturer Part No.:2520V17A14-1CC22L; Cover End Pressure [Max:3000; Shaft End Pressure [Max:2500; GPM @ 1,800 rpm, Cover End:21; GPM @ 1,800 rpm, Shaft End:25.5; Integral Valve Configuration:N/A; Port Orientation - Cover End:Outlet 45° CW from Inlet; Port Orientation - Shaft End:Outlet Inline w/Inlet; Pressure Port Size, Cover End:3/4 in Code 61; Pressure Port Size, Shaft End:1 in Code 61; Displacement Cover End (cu in/revolution):2.8; Displacement Shaft End (cu in/revolution):3.4;
Rexroth A4VSO180DR/30R-PPA13N00 Piston Pump	Shaft End Pressure [Max:45.0 LB; Manufacturer Part No.:Flange Mount; Major Diameter [Min:Left Hand (CCW); Shaft Length:2520V17A14-1CC22L; Mounting Flange:2 1/2; Shaft Seal Type:Flange; Displacement Cover End (cu in/revolution):1/4 in; Minor Diameter [Max:Standard Pilot; GPM @ 1,800 rpm, Cover End:0.875 in; GPM @ 1,800 rpm, Shaft End:Straight w/ Key; Pump Series:2520V; Shaft Length:2.32 in; Seal Material:Buna-N; Max. RPM [Max:1800; Minor Diameter:N/A; Mounting Flange:SAE B, 2 Bolt; Shaft Seal Type:Single Shaft Seal; Spline Description:N/A; Cover End RPM [Max:1800; Shaft End RPM [Max:1800; Controlled Flow Rate:N/A; Cover End Flow @ RPM:14 gal/min @ 1200 rpm, 21 gal/min @ 1800 rpm; Major Diameter [Max:N/A; Major Diameter [Min:N/A; Minor Diameter [Max:N/A; Minor Diameter [Min:N/A; Relief Valve Setting:N/A; Shaft End Flow @ RPM:17 gal/min @ 1200 rpm, 25.5 gal/min @ 1800 rpm; Manufacturer Part No.:2520V17A14-1CC22L; Cover End Pressure [Max:3000; Shaft End Pressure [Max:2500; GPM @ 1,800 rpm, Cover End:21; GPM @ 1,800 rpm, Shaft End:25.5; Integral Valve Configuration:N/A; Port Orientation - Cover End:Outlet 45° CW from Inlet; Port Orientation - Shaft End:Outlet Inline w/Inlet; Pressure Port Size, Cover End:3/4 in Code 61; Pressure Port Size, Shaft End:1 in Code 61; Displacement Cover End (cu in/revolution):2.8; Displacement Shaft End (cu in/revolution):3.4;
Rexroth A10VSO100DFR1/32R-PPB12N00 Piston Pump	Port Orientation - Cover End:45.0 LB; Model No.:Flange Mount; Port Size:Left Hand (CCW); Mounting:2520V17A14-1CC22L; Shaft Seal Type:2 1/2; Manufacturer Part No.:Flange; Pressure Port Size, Cover End:1/4 in; GPM @ 1,800 rpm, Shaft End:Standard Pilot; Mounting Flange:0.875 in; Shaft Length:Straight w/ Key; Pump Series:2520V; Shaft Length:2.32 in; Seal Material:Buna-N; Max. RPM [Max:1800; Minor Diameter:N/A; Mounting Flange:SAE B, 2 Bolt; Shaft Seal Type:Single Shaft Seal; Spline Description:N/A; Cover End RPM [Max:1800; Shaft End RPM [Max:1800; Controlled Flow Rate:N/A; Cover End Flow @ RPM:14 gal/min @ 1200 rpm, 21 gal/min @ 1800 rpm; Major Diameter [Max:N/A; Major Diameter [Min:N/A; Minor Diameter [Max:N/A; Minor Diameter [Min:N/A; Relief Valve Setting:N/A; Shaft End Flow @ RPM:17 gal/min @ 1200 rpm, 25.5 gal/min @ 1800 rpm; Manufacturer Part No.:2520V17A14-1CC22L; Cover End Pressure [Max:3000; Shaft End Pressure [Max:2500; GPM @ 1,800 rpm, Cover End:21; GPM @ 1,800 rpm, Shaft End:25.5; Integral Valve Configuration:N/A; Port Orientation - Cover End:Outlet 45° CW from Inlet; Port Orientation - Shaft End:Outlet Inline w/Inlet; Pressure Port Size, Cover End:3/4 in Code 61; Pressure Port Size, Shaft End:1 in Code 61; Displacement Cover End (cu in/revolution):2.8; Displacement Shaft End (cu in/revolution):3.4;
Rexroth A4VSO125DR/30R-PPA13N00 Piston Pump	GPM @ 1,800 rpm, Shaft End:45.0 LB; Mounting:Flange Mount; Seal Material:Left Hand (CCW); Relief Valve Setting:2520V17A14-1CC22L; Displacement Cover End (cu in/revolution):2 1/2; Pressure Port Size, Cover End:Flange; Max. RPM [Max:1/4 in; Shaft Dia.:Standard Pilot; Minor Diameter [Min:0.875 in; Shaft Type:Straight w/ Key; Pump Series:2520V; Shaft Length:2.32 in; Seal Material:Buna-N; Max. RPM [Max:1800; Minor Diameter:N/A; Mounting Flange:SAE B, 2 Bolt; Shaft Seal Type:Single Shaft Seal; Spline Description:N/A; Cover End RPM [Max:1800; Shaft End RPM [Max:1800; Controlled Flow Rate:N/A; Cover End Flow @ RPM:14 gal/min @ 1200 rpm, 21 gal/min @ 1800 rpm; Major Diameter [Max:N/A; Major Diameter [Min:N/A; Minor Diameter [Max:N/A; Minor Diameter [Min:N/A; Relief Valve Setting:N/A; Shaft End Flow @ RPM:17 gal/min @ 1200 rpm, 25.5 gal/min @ 1800 rpm; Manufacturer Part No.:2520V17A14-1CC22L; Cover End Pressure [Max:3000; Shaft End Pressure [Max:2500; GPM @ 1,800 rpm, Cover End:21; GPM @ 1,800 rpm, Shaft End:25.5; Integral Valve Configuration:N/A; Port Orientation - Cover End:Outlet 45° CW from Inlet; Port Orientation - Shaft End:Outlet Inline w/Inlet; Pressure Port Size, Cover End:3/4 in Code 61; Pressure Port Size, Shaft End:1 in Code 61; Displacement Cover End (cu in/revolution):2.8; Displacement Shaft End (cu in/revolution):3.4;
Rexroth A10VSO140DRS/32R-VPB12N00 Piston Pump	Shaft Seal Type:45.0 LB; Minor Diameter:Flange Mount; Shaft End Pressure [Max:Left Hand (CCW); Mounting:2520V17A14-1CC22L; Displacement Shaft End (cu in/revolution):2 1/2; Shaft Length:Flange; Port Type:1/4 in; Port Orientation - Cover End:Standard Pilot; Cover End RPM [Max:0.875 in; Shaft Dia.:Straight w/ Key; Pump Series:2520V; Shaft Length:2.32 in; Seal Material:Buna-N; Max. RPM [Max:1800; Minor Diameter:N/A; Mounting Flange:SAE B, 2 Bolt; Shaft Seal Type:Single Shaft Seal; Spline Description:N/A; Cover End RPM [Max:1800; Shaft End RPM [Max:1800; Controlled Flow Rate:N/A; Cover End Flow @ RPM:14 gal/min @ 1200 rpm, 21 gal/min @ 1800 rpm; Major Diameter [Max:N/A; Major Diameter [Min:N/A; Minor Diameter [Max:N/A; Minor Diameter [Min:N/A; Relief Valve Setting:N/A; Shaft End Flow @ RPM:17 gal/min @ 1200 rpm, 25.5 gal/min @ 1800 rpm; Manufacturer Part No.:2520V17A14-1CC22L; Cover End Pressure [Max:3000; Shaft End Pressure [Max:2500; GPM @ 1,800 rpm, Cover End:21; GPM @ 1,800 rpm, Shaft End:25.5; Integral Valve Configuration:N/A; Port Orientation - Cover End:Outlet 45° CW from Inlet; Port Orientation - Shaft End:Outlet Inline w/Inlet; Pressure Port Size, Cover End:3/4 in Code 61; Pressure Port Size, Shaft End:1 in Code 61; Displacement Cover End (cu in/revolution):2.8; Displacement Shaft End (cu in/revolution):3.4;
Rexroth A10VSO100DR/31R-PPA12N00 Piston Pump	Max. RPM [Max:45.0 LB; Controlled Flow Rate:Flange Mount; Shaft Dia.:Left Hand (CCW); GPM @ 1,800 rpm, Cover End:2520V17A14-1CC22L; Integral Valve Configuration:2 1/2; Cover End Flow @ RPM:Flange; Manufacturer Part No.:1/4 in; Model No.:Standard Pilot; Mounting:0.875 in; Shaft Type:Straight w/ Key; Pump Series:2520V; Shaft Length:2.32 in; Seal Material:Buna-N; Max. RPM [Max:1800; Minor Diameter:N/A; Mounting Flange:SAE B, 2 Bolt; Shaft Seal Type:Single Shaft Seal; Spline Description:N/A; Cover End RPM [Max:1800; Shaft End RPM [Max:1800; Controlled Flow Rate:N/A; Cover End Flow @ RPM:14 gal/min @ 1200 rpm, 21 gal/min @ 1800 rpm; Major Diameter [Max:N/A; Major Diameter [Min:N/A; Minor Diameter [Max:N/A; Minor Diameter [Min:N/A; Relief Valve Setting:N/A; Shaft End Flow @ RPM:17 gal/min @ 1200 rpm, 25.5 gal/min @ 1800 rpm; Manufacturer Part No.:2520V17A14-1CC22L; Cover End Pressure [Max:3000; Shaft End Pressure [Max:2500; GPM @ 1,800 rpm, Cover End:21; GPM @ 1,800 rpm, Shaft End:25.5; Integral Valve Configuration:N/A; Port Orientation - Cover End:Outlet 45° CW from Inlet; Port Orientation - Shaft End:Outlet Inline w/Inlet; Pressure Port Size, Cover End:3/4 in Code 61; Pressure Port Size, Shaft End:1 in Code 61; Displacement Cover End (cu in/revolution):2.8; Displacement Shaft End (cu in/revolution):3.4;

Axial piston variable pump | Bosch Rexroth AG

Axial piston variable pump. A10VO series 5x. For machines with medium pressure requirements; Size 10 … 100; Nominal pressure 250 bar; Maximum pressure

Rexroth Piston Pump - Buy and Check Prices Online for

Find here Rexroth Piston Pump dealers, retailers & distributors in India. Get latest details on Rexroth Piston Pump prices, models & wholesale prices and

AXIAL PISTON PUMP A10VSO SERIES 31 BOSCH REXROTH

Bosch Rexroth Axial Piston Variable Pumps are world recognized for their energy saving and compact sizes. Rexroth variable pumps move with the trend toward

Axial piston pumps | Bosch Rexroth AG

Axial piston pumps in swash plate and bent axis design are intended for the medium and high pressure range. Numerous variations in the designs, performance

Bosch Rexroth Hydraulic piston pumps - All the products on

Discover the hydraulic piston pump product range of Bosch Rexroth. Contact the manufacturer directly

Rexroth A10VSO45DFR1/31R-PPB12N00 Piston Pump Video

Contact Us

BVC Pump Valve Co., Ltd.: AddressZona Industriala-Vest, 5 Strada Salzburg, 25 00 SIBIU, Romania

Send Now

Rexroth A10VSO45DFR1/31R-PPB12N00 Technical Articles

Does a hydraulic pump create pressure or flow?

Hydraulic Pumps: How It Works | Gerrard HydraulicsNov 5, 2018 — A pump produces liquid movement or flow: it does not generate pressure. It produces the flow necessary for the development of pressure which Hydraulic Pump Pressure Aug 8,...

What does a case drain do on a hydraulic motor?

Case Drain Lines - BaumaLightWithout a properly installed case drain, that extra pressure could blow a seal or damage your hydraulic line. For higher flow motors or on piston and gear motors, Hydraulic Pump and Motor Case Drains: Should You...

Why might a pump be needed in a hydraulic system?

What is a hydraulic pump? - Mobile Hydraulic TipsJan 12, 2015 — A hydraulic pump converts the mechanical energy from the prime mover into hydraulic energy for use by the system Hydraulic Pump - an overview | ScienceDirect TopicsHydraulic pumps...